Archive for September, 2014

Treatments for Syphilis and Hepatitis

Syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that has been around since at least the sixteenth century. It is caused by bacteria called Treponema pallidum, which like the warm moist linings of the genital passages, rectum and mouth, but die quickly outside the body. Syphilis is commonly known as ‘the pox’ and it has been called ‘the great mimic’ because it can produce so many different symptoms in the body.

Symptoms of Syphilis

Syphilis often begins with a crusty sore on the penis. Swelling of the glands in the groin may occur. The sore heals after a few weeks without treatment Buy Viagra Australia without prescription.

However the syphilis bug has not gone away and it continues to spread throughout the body. After several weeks you may start to feel unwell, with flulike symptoms, swollen glands and a rash. These symptoms can last for several months.

Treatments for Syphilis

The main treatment for syphilis is antibiotics, usually penicillin, which can completely cure it. Without treatment, syphilis can hide in the body for many years before reappearing to potentially cause blindness, dementia, insanity or death from a ruptured aneurysm.

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). This is related to the herpes simplex virus type 1, which causes cold sores on the mouth or lips. Symptoms are tiny blisters on the penis, sometimes with a temperature, tiredness and swollen glands in the groin region. This tends to occur within about a week of exposure to the herpes virus. Without treatment, genital herpes tends to settle down after a week or so. However the infection can reoccur at any time, even without further sexual exposure. Antiviral medication can speed recovery from outbreaks of herpes, but it is not curable.

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Hepatitis

The hepatitis A virus is not an STI. However the hepatitis B and C viruses can be spread through sexual contact or by the exchange of bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva or urine, with an infected person. Symptoms include tiredness, jaundice and flu-like aches and pains.

These viruses can cause serious liver inflammation, which may lead to liver damage, liver failure and liver cancer. Infection is confirmed by means of a blood test. There is an excellent vaccine to protect against hepatitis B, which can be given to people at risk of infection. Hepatitis C can be treated with certain antiviral agents. Unfortunately there is no vaccine available to protect against hepatitis C.

HIV and AIDS

Since it was first identified about twenty-seven years ago, HIV has become a global catastrophe, infecting millions of people annually. HIV is an extremely deadly virus because it affects our natural immune system. It destroys the white blood cells that are needed to fight infection. By destroying the body’s own immune system the floodgates to infection are opened. Therefore the system becomes overrun with bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Fortunately, medical breakthroughs in recent years have led to the development of new antiviral medicine: anti-HIV drug ‘cocktails’. These allow many people to survive HIV/AIDS and live active lives. To benefit most from these antiviral drugs, HIV/AIDS must be diagnosed early.

Identity, diversity and difference: young people’s experience of fertility difficulties

Disability, chronic illness and identity

Disability thus becomes a social issue in which systematic discrimination not only leads to loss of independence and choice for disabled people but also excludes them from activities Buy Tadalafil online in Canada and roles taken for granted by the majority of the population. This powerful critique, by showing that many of the disadvantages faced by disabled people result from wider society’s inability to accommodate difference, has informed disabled people’s political struggle for a positive identity. Autonomy, inclusion, control of resources, independent living and claims to equal citizenship emerge as important symbols in the positive reframing of disability.

Despite its considerable and valuable role in asserting the rights of dis-abled people, the disability movement itself has been criticized for not recognizing diversity. Struggles to maintain a positive self-identity while engaging with negative public assumptions about disability and social disadvantage occur, of course, irrespective of ethnicity. Disability, however, can only be understood against what is considered as ‘normal’ for someone of that particular age, gender, social class and ethnic and religious background. Normalcy is not a given universal and needs to be seen in its social and cultural context. Consequently, as we have seen, independence and autonomy may not have the same meaning among different social groups.

A more specific example illustrates this further and concerns the choice of young South Asian disabled people’s marriage partners, particularly since such choices occur in relation to a preference for negotiated marriages among some South Asian communities. Since a sense of ‘spoiled identity’ underpins some of their experiences, important parallels emerge relevant to debates about fertility. South Asian disabled people express various concerns about marriage and about perceptions of their suitability as marriage partners, which reflect their more general sense of disadvantage as disabled people. Despite these concerns, Hussain et al. note that marriage still remained important to young disabled people and their families and reflected the cultural importance of marriage in South Asian communities. Impairment, however, did mediate marriage negotiations and differences did emerge between the expectations of the disabled young person and their non-disabled siblings. Disabled young people often felt that they had to accept ‘second best’ and believed that their brothers and sisters were more likely to find suitable partners. Perhaps for these reasons, parents and disabled young people felt it was easier to bring marriage partners from overseas rather than try to find marriage partners in the UK. Overseas partners were seen as having lower expectations and to be more willing to come to the UK, particularly since there was the additional opportunity of settling in the UK.